@article {996, title = {Visualising Methodology in The Wiener Library{\textquoteright}s Early Testimony{\textquoteright}s Project}, number = {16 January 2018}, year = {2018}, publisher = {EHRI Document Blog}, keywords = {Holocaust, Methodology, Testimonies, Wiener Library}, url = {https://blog.ehri-project.eu/2018/01/16/visualising-methodology-in-the-wiener-librarys-early-testimonys-project/}, author = {Schmidt, Christine} } @article {989, title = {Using Wikidata to Build an Authority List of Holocaust-Era Ghettos}, number = {12 February 2018}, year = {2018}, publisher = {EHRI Document Blog}, keywords = {Ghetto, Holocaust, Wikidata, WWII}, url = {https://blog.ehri-project.eu/2018/02/12/using-wikidata/}, author = {Cooey, Nancy} } @article {997, title = {Testimony of Valerie Straussov{\'a}}, number = {11 March 2016}, year = {2016}, publisher = {EHRI Document Blog}, keywords = {Holocaust, Testimonies}, url = {https://blog.ehri-project.eu/2016/03/11/testimony-of-valerie-straussova/}, author = {Sedlick{\'a}, Magdalena} } @article {993, title = {Photographing Refugee Deportation: On Visual Representation of Refugees{\textquoteright}}, number = {1 January 2017}, year = {2017}, publisher = {EHRI Document Blog}, keywords = {Holocaust, Photography, Refugees}, url = {https://blog.ehri-project.eu/2017/01/01/photographing-refugee-deportation/}, author = {Frankl, Michal} } @article {991, title = {Murdered on the Verge of Survival: Massacres in the Last Days of the Siege of Budapest, 1945}, number = {8 February 2017}, year = {2017}, publisher = {EHRI Document Blog}, keywords = {Holocaust, Hungary, WWII}, url = {https://blog.ehri-project.eu/2017/02/08/murdered-on-the-verge-of-survivalmassacres-in-the-last-days-of-the-siege-of-budapest-1945/}, author = {Cs{\H o}sz, L{\'a}szl{\'o} and Csonka, Laura} } @article {994, title = {Letters from Children on the First Kindertransport}, number = {20 April 2016}, year = {2016}, publisher = {EHRI Document Blog}, keywords = {Children, Holocaust, Kindertransport, Refugees}, url = {https://blog.ehri-project.eu/2016/04/20/letters-from-kindertransport-children/}, author = {Green, Jessica} } @article {990, title = {Death Blows Overhead: The Last Transports from Hungary, November 1944}, number = {23 November 2017}, year = {2017}, publisher = {EHRI Document Blog}, keywords = {Holocaust, Hungary, WWII}, url = {https://blog.ehri-project.eu/2017/11/23/hungary-1944/}, author = {Cs{\H o}sz, L{\'a}szl{\'o}} } @article {995, title = {Daily Orders from the Terez{\'\i}n (Theresienstadt) Ghetto}, number = {18 May 2016}, year = {2016}, publisher = {EHRI Document Blog}, keywords = {Ghetto, Holocaust, Terez{\'\i}n, Theresienstadt}, url = {https://blog.ehri-project.eu/2016/05/18/daily-orders-from-the-terezin-theresienstadt-ghetto/}, author = {Schellenbacher, Wolfgang} } @article {992, title = {Alter Ogie{\'n} Testimony {\textendash} the Earliest Testimony in the {\.Z}IH Collection}, number = {24 June 2017}, year = {2017}, publisher = {EHRI Document Blog}, keywords = {Holocaust, Poland, Testimonies}, url = {https://blog.ehri-project.eu/2017/06/24/alter-ogien/}, author = {Czajka, Micha{\l}} } @article {420, title = {Vergleichende Findmittelstudien im Rahmen des EU-Projektes {\textquoteright}European Holocaust Research Infrastructure{\textquoteright}. Workshop beim Internationalen Suchdienst (ITS) in Bad Arolsen}, volume = {13/1}, year = {2013}, pages = {57-59}, url = {http://www.staatsarchiv-darmstadt.hessen.de/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/slimp.CMReader/HMWK_15/HStAD_Internet/med/546/54643fde-a38c-e317-9cda-a2b417c0cf46,22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222}, author = {Kefer, Tamara} } @article {304, title = {The European Holocaust Research Infrastructure (EHRI)}, volume = {16}, year = {2012}, month = {Spring 2012}, chapter = {19}, abstract = {{\textquoteright}In October 2010, a group of 20 institutions from 13 European countries and Israel started work on EHRI, the European Holocaust Research Infrastructure. This four year collaborative project is being funded by the 7th Framework Program of the European Union in the amount of seven million Euro. The goal is to connect Holocaust research centers as well as archival institutions holding Holocaust-related collections.{\textquoteright}}, url = {http://www.uvm.edu/~uvmchs/documents/bull-2012.pdf}, author = {Bennett, Giles} } @article {308, title = {The EHRI Project: building an online archive for European Holocaust Research}, volume = {52}, year = {2011}, url = {/sites/default/files/downloads/ehri_downloads/EHRI presentations/Sconul Focus Autumn 2011.pdf}, author = {Kahn, Rebecca} } @article {1004, title = {EHRI: New Online Course on the Use of Primary Sources}, volume = {85}, year = {2018}, month = {03/2018}, pages = {8}, keywords = {Holocaust, Online Course, Yad Vashem}, url = {https://www.yadvashem.org/sites/default/files/85.pdf}, author = {Dolinko, Dafne and Rosenfeld-Katz, Sandra} } @article {838, title = {EHRI Furthers Educational and Research Opportunities}, volume = {81}, year = {2016}, month = {October 2016}, pages = {23}, edition = {October 2016}, keywords = {EHRI}, issn = {0793-7199}, url = {http://www.yadvashem.org/sites/default/files/yv-magazine81.pdf}, author = {Petra Drenth and Hillel Solomon} } @article {1120, title = {EHRI - European Holocaust Research Infrastructure}, volume = {2018}, year = {2018}, month = {12/2018}, keywords = {Digital infrastructure, Holocaust}, url = {http://www.belspo.be/belspo/organisation/Publ/pub_ostc/sciencecon/59sci_nl.pdf}, author = {Francesco Gelati and Dirk Luyten} } @article {309, title = {Archivportal und Forschungsplattform zum Holocaust}, volume = {2}, year = {2012}, url = {http://www.staatsarchiv-marburg.hessen.de/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/slimp.CMReader/HMWK_15/HStAM_Internet/med/00f/00f70e40-e02f-3c31-79cd-aa2b417c0cf4,22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222}, author = {K{\"u}hnel, Karsten} } @article {758, title = {Who holds the key to Holocaust-related sources? Authorship as subjectivity in finding aids}, journal = {Holocaust Studies}, year = {2016}, pages = {1-23}, abstract = {

The field of Holocaust studies relies on a wide variety of archives, dispersed all over the world. Identifying the right sources for a specific research question within this field is not easy or straightforward. Yet Holocaust scholars predominately focus on methodologies for source analysis rather than discovery. Archival finding aids are among the most important tools to aid primary source discovery, but have hitherto not been considered in methodological discussions on Holocaust research. In this article we will reflect on the composition of finding aids based on our work for the European Holocaust Research Infrastructure (EHRI). Our premise is that the content of finding aids is determined by their authors and the context in which they are creating them. The strongest argument for this subjectivity is that our work {\textendash} outlined in this article {\textendash} not only indicates that descriptions of one and the same source differ, but that they can do so quite considerably, and hence can influence research. Our stance is that historians optimize their profit from finding aids by becoming more sensitive to the subjectivity and authorship of descriptions. We conclude by showing how an online environment such as the one developed by EHRI can sensitize historians and archivists to the situated and subjective nature of finding aids by accommodating a plurality of descriptive voices, and encourage them to share their knowledge and become co-authors of finding aids.

}, doi = {10.1080/17504902.2015.1118193}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17504902.2015.1118193}, author = {Petra Links and Reto Speck and Veerle Vanden Daelen} } @article {1228, title = {Understanding memories of the Holocaust{\textemdash}A new approach to neural networks in the digital humanities}, journal = {Digital Scholarship in the Humanities}, year = {2019}, month = {01/2019}, abstract = {

This article addresses an important challenge in artificial intelligence research in the humanities, which has impeded progress with supervised methods. It introduces a novel method to creating test collections from smaller subsets. This method is based on what we will introduce as distant supervision{\textquoteright} and will allow us to improve computational modelling in the digital humanities by including new methods of supervised learning. Using recurrent neural networks, we generated a training corpus and were able to train a highly accurate model that qualitatively and quantitatively improved a baseline model. To demonstrate our new approach experimentally, we employ a real-life research question based on existing humanities collections. We use neural network based sentiment analysis to decode Holocaust memories and present a methodology to combine supervised and unsupervised sentiment analysis to analyse the oral history interviews of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Finally, we employed three advanced methods of computational semantics. These helped us decipher the decisions by the neural network and understand, for instance, the complex sentiments around family memories in the testimonies.

}, keywords = {Digital Humanities, Holocaust}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqy082}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/dsh/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/llc/fqy082/5280949?redirectedFrom=fulltext}, author = {Tobias Blanke and Michael Bryant and Mark Hedges} } @article {312, title = {The Missing Voice: Archivists and Infrastructures for Humanities Research}, journal = {International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing}, volume = {7.1-2}, year = {2013}, abstract = {This article offers a critique of the transfer of a technological-scientific paradigm of research infrastructure to the field of the humanities. This critique is informed by our experience of formulating user requirements for the European Holocaust Research Infrastructure (EHRI) project, and especially by a series of interviews we undertook with user-facing archivists working at EHRI partner institutions. We argue that the archival voices we recovered during these interviews articulate a range of concerns that clash with some of the major assumptions that frame current discussions about research infrastructure. In particular, we demonstrate that archival research is currently heavily mediated by archivists. And yet, inter-mediation is a theme that is insufficiently explored in recent theorising about research infrastructure. Contextualising our findings within some recent trends in archival science, we show that an infrastructure such as the EHRI must be build around the complex relationship between scholar, archivist and archive. We conclude by indicating how building infrastructures for humanities research may enable us to fruitfully re-conceptualise and re-energise this relationship by transposing it from the physical world to digital environments.}, url = {https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/the-missing-voice-archivists-and-infrastructures-for-humanities-research(5fa9cce6-d3db-435a-a150-0d47ab857032)/export.html}, author = {Speck, Reto and Links, Petra} } @article {1150, title = {Leveraging Wikidata to Enhance Authority Records in the EHRI Portal}, journal = {Journal of Library Metadata}, year = {2019}, keywords = {Archive, Camps, Ghettos, Holocaust, Library, Metadata, Wikidata}, doi = {10.1080/19386389.2019.1589700}, url = {https://ehri-project.eu/sites/default/files/downloads/ehri_downloads/EHRI\%20News/Leveraging-Wikidata-to-Enhance-EHRI-Authorities.pdf}, author = {N. Cooey} } @article {459, title = {Intermediating the Human and Digital: Researchers and the European Holocaust Research Infrastructure}, journal = {EHRI Working Papers}, year = {2013}, month = {12/2013}, url = {/sites/default/files/downloads/EHRI working paper_final.pdf}, author = {Anderson, Sheila and Blanke, Tobias} } @article {311, title = {Integrating Holocaust Research}, journal = {International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing}, volume = {7}, year = {2013}, abstract = {In this article we present our ideas for an integrating activity for archival research on the Holocaust. We analyse how we can improve Holocaust-related collection descriptions for research, which we will make available online, and how EHRI provides travel grants for transnational access to existing infrastructures in Holocaust research. Both approaches help us overcome that Holocaust-related material is geographically dispersed and address the challenges for historical research stemming from the way documentation on the Holocaust has been attempted up to now. We have chosen to implement the EHRI integrated information resource using graph databases. With their emphasis on relationships, graph databases are particularly well suited for historical research in particular and humanities research in general. We analyse the architecture and implementation details of this novel approach and show how graph databases integrate with traditional ways of searching and browsing historical collections. This way, we support more advanced means of access to facts in the documents and enable deep semantically meaningful access to the documents. The innovation of EHRI lies in the combination of digital and non-digital means to integrate existing infrastructures. We believe this might be a model for many related research activities in the humanities. }, url = {http://www.euppublishing.com/doi/pdfplus/10.3366/ijhac.2013.0080}, author = {Blanke, Tobias and Kristel, Conny} } @article {1200, title = {Holocaust and World War Two Linked Open Data Developments in the Netherlands}, journal = {Umanistica Digitale}, volume = {4}, year = {2019}, month = {03/2019}, abstract = {

NIOD, Network War Collections (Netwerk Oorlogsbronnen) and EHRI all work on connecting and making war and Holocaust collections findable and (re-)usable. And both use new technology and Linked Open Data for these goals. This paper gives an overview of the latest developments of the work done in the Netherlands. It is organized around the axis of What, Where, Who \& When.

}, keywords = {Holocaust, LOD, Thesaurus, WWII}, doi = {10.6092/issn.2532-8816/9048}, url = {https://umanisticadigitale.unibo.it/article/view/9048}, author = {Nispen, Annelies van and Jongma, Lizzy} } @article {495, title = {Experiments for the design of a help desk system for the EHRI project - an Information Retrieval approach}, journal = {DARIAH-DE Working Papers}, volume = {5}, year = {2014}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:7-dariah-2014-3-2 }, author = {Rodriguez, Kepa J.} } @article {1199, title = {EHRI Vocabularies and Linked Open Data: An Enrichment?}, journal = {Trust and Understanding: the value of metadata in a digitally joined-up world, ed. by R. Depoortere, T. Gheldof, D. Styven and J. Van Der Eycken}, volume = {106}, year = {2019}, pages = {117-122}, keywords = {Archival systems, Digital Humanities, Metadata, Standardization}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02125036}, author = {Van Nispen, Annelies} } @article {999, title = {EAD-ODD: A solution for project-specific EAD schemes}, journal = {Archival Science}, year = {2018}, month = {2018}, abstract = {

This article tackles the issue of integrating heterogeneous archival sources in one single data repository, namely the European Holocaust Research Infrastructure (EHRI) portal, whose aim is to support Holocaust research by providing online access to information about dispersed sources relating to the Holocaust (http://portal.ehri-project.eu). In this case, the problem at hand is to combine data coming from a network of archives in order to create an interoperable data space which can be used to search for, retrieve and disseminate content in the context of archival-based research. The scholarly purpose has specific consequences on our task. It assumes that the information made available to the researcher is as close as possible to the originating source in order to guarantee that the ensuing analysis can be deemed reliable. In the EHRI network of archives, as already observed in the case of the EU Cendari project, one cannot but face heterogeneity. The EHRI portal brings together descriptions from more than 1900 institutions. Each archive comes with a whole range of idiosyncrasies corresponding to the way it has been set up and evolved over time. Cataloging practices may also differ. Even the degree of digitization may range from the absence of a digital catalogue to the provision of a full-fledged online catalogue with all the necessary APIs for anyone to query and extract content. There is indeed a contrast here with the global endeavour at the international level to develop and promote standards for the description of archival content as a whole. Nonetheless, in a project like EHRI, standards should play a central role. They are necessary for many tasks related to the integration and exploitation of the aggregated content, namely: ● Being able to compare the content of the various sources, thus being able to develop quality-checking processes; ● Defining of an integrated repository infrastructure where the content of the various archival sources can be reliably hosted; ● Querying and re-using content in a seamless way; ● Deploying tools that have been developed independently of the specificities of the information sources, for instance in order to visualise or mine the resulting pool of information. The central aspect of the work described in this paper is the assessment of the role of the EAD (Encoded Archival Description) standard as the basis for achieving the tasks described above. We have worked out how we could develop a real strategy of defining specific customization of EAD that could be used at various stages of the process of integrating heterogeneous sources. While doing so, we have developed a methodology based on a specification and customization method inspired from the extensive experience of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) community. In the TEI framework, as we show in section 1, one has 1 https://team.inria.fr/almanach/ 2 Special thanks to Annelies van Nispen (NIOD) and Hector Martinez Alonso (ALMAnaCH) for their help.

}, keywords = {Archival Science, EAD, Holocaust, Standards}, url = {https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01737568}, author = {Romary, Laurent and Riondet, Charles} } @article {759, title = {Developing the collection graph}, journal = {Library Hi Tech}, volume = {33}, year = {2015}, pages = {610-623}, doi = {10.1108/LHT-07-2015-0070}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/LHT-07-2015-0070}, author = {Tobias Blanke and Michael Bryant and Reto Speck} } @article {1192, title = {Archival Metadata Import Strategies in EHRI}, journal = {ABB: Archives et Biblioth{\`e}ques de Belgique - Archief- en Bibliotheekwezen in Belgi{\"e}}, volume = {Trust and Understanding: the value of metadata in a digitally joined-up world}, year = {2019}, pages = {15-22}, keywords = {Archival systems, Digital Humanities, Metadata, Standardization}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02124632}, author = {Gelati, Francesco} } @article {448, title = {An Approach to Analyzing Working Practices of Research Communities in the Humanities}, journal = {International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing}, volume = {7}, year = {2013}, chapter = {105-27}, abstract = {The need for a firm understanding of the working practices of researchers in the humanities emerges as a prerequisite for the development of effective digital research infrastructures. This paper will focus on the rationale behind the design and implementation of two related studies conducted in the context of two European e-Infrastructures projects, DARIAH and EHRI. Within DARIAH the challenge involved conducting, analysing and understanding research practices of arts and humanities researchers, a largely ill-defined community encompassing a wide spectrum of disciplines. Each of them deals with a variety of objects employing an extensive number of methods. In the context of EHRI, the challenge is slightly different, due to the involvement of a better-defined research community. Holocaust researchers share well-identified objects, common ground on methods, and handle similar setbacks. In this paper we discuss the approach adopted for designing and implementing qualitative user-centric studies aimed at capturing activities, methods, and types of information objects employed by researchers grounded in identified research goals and questions. It addresses both generic and specific entities and processes, and supports the understanding of researchers{\textquoteright} working practices in settings as diverse and wide as DARIAH, or as specialized as EHRI. The outcomes of the analysis of working practices are used in determining user requirements for digital infrastructures to serve the respective research communities.}, url = {http://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/ijhac.2013.0084}, author = {Benardou, Agiatis and Constantopoulos, Panos and Dallas, Costis} } @proceedings {578, title = {The EHRI Project - Virtual Collections Revisited}, volume = {8852}, year = {2014}, month = {2015}, pages = {294-303}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Barcelona}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-15168-7}, url = {http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-15168-7/page/2}, author = {Bryant, Mike and Reijnhoudt, Linda and Speck, Reto and Cl{\'e}rice, Thibault and Blanke, Tobias}, editor = {Aieollo, Luca Maria and McFarland, Daniel} } @proceedings {361, title = {Defining User Requirements for Holocaust Research Infrastructures and Services in the EHRI Project}, year = {2012}, pages = {644-45}, address = {Toronto, Canada}, author = {Benardou, Agiatis and Dallas, Costis} } @proceedings {310, title = {Comparison of named entity recognition tools for raw OCR text}, year = {2012}, month = {21September 2012}, address = {Vienna }, url = {http://www.oegai.at/konvens2012/proceedings/60_rodriquez12w/60_rodriquez12w.pdf}, author = {Rodriguez, Kepa Joseba and Bryant, Mike and Blanke, Tobias and Luszczynska, Magdalena} } @conference {415, title = {User Requirements and Data Integration in European Holocaust Research Infrastructure (EHRI) - the Greek Case}, booktitle = {European Social Science History Conference}, year = {2014}, month = {23-26 April 2014}, address = {Vienna}, url = {http://esshc.socialhistory.org/esshc-vienna-2014}, author = {Vanden Daelen, Veerle} } @conference {577, title = {{\"U}ber mehrsprachige Metadaten zu den versteckten Quellen: Das Beispiel deutschsprachiger T{\"a}terquellen in der European Holocaust Research Infrastructure}, booktitle = {DHd-Tagung. Von Daten zu Erkenntnissen: Digitale Geisteswissenschaften als Mittler zwischen Information und Interpretation}, year = {2015}, month = {26/02/2015}, address = {Graz}, url = {https://www.conftool.pro/dhd2015/sessions.php}, author = {Bennett, Giles and Vanden Daelen, Veerle} } @conference {362, title = {Transcending the Archive? The Digital Environment as a Force for Change}, booktitle = {Annual Conference of the International Council of Archives: Accountability, Transparency and Access to Information}, year = {2013}, month = {23-24 Nov 2013}, address = {Brussels}, author = {Anderson, Sheila and Vanden Daelen, Veerle and Speck, Reto} } @conference {757, title = {Sustainable Digital Publishing of Archival Catalogues of Twentieth-Century History Archives}, booktitle = {Open History: Sustainable digital publishing of archival catalogues of twentieth-century history archives, Brussels}, year = {2016}, month = {03/2016}, address = {Brussels}, abstract = {

One of the funded project proposals under DARIAH{\textquoteright}s Open Humanities call 2015 was {\textquotedblleft}Open History: Sustainable digital publishing of archival catalogues of twentieth-century history archives{\textquotedblright}. Based on the experiences of the Collaborative EuropeaN Digital Archival Research Infrastructure (CENDARI) and the European Holocaust Research Infrastructure (EHRI), the main goal of the {\textquotedblleft}Open History{\textquotedblright} project was to enhance the dialogue between (meta-)data providers and research infrastructures. Integrating archival descriptions {\textendash} when they were already available {\textendash} held at a wide variety of twentieth-century history archives (from classic archives to memorial sites, libraries and private archives) into research infrastructures has proven to be a major challenge, which could not be done without some degree of limited to extensive pre-processing or other preparatory work. The {\textquotedblleft}Open History{\textquotedblright} project organized two workshops and developed two tools: an easily accessible and general article on why the practice of standardization and sharing is important and how this can be achieved; and a model which provides checklists for self-analyses of archival institutions. The text that follows is the article we have developed. It intentionally remains at a general level, without much jargon, so that it can be easily read by those who are non-archivists or non-IT. Hence, we hope it will be easy to understand for both those who are describing the sources at various archives (with or without IT or archival sciences degrees), as well as decision-makers (directors and advisory boards) who wish to understand the benefits of investing in standardization and sharing of data. It is important to note is that this text is a first step, not a static, final result. Not all aspects about standardization and publication of (meta-)data are discussed, nor are updates or feedback mechanisms for annotations and comments discussed. The idea is that this text can be used in full or in part and that it will include further chapters and section updates as time goes by and as other communities begin using it. Some archives will read through much of these and see confirmation of what they have already been implementing; others {\textendash} especially the smaller institutions, such as private memory institutions {\textendash} will find this a low-key and hands-on introduction to help them in their efforts.

}, url = {https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01281442}, author = {Vanden Daelen, Veerle and Edmond, Jennifer and Links, Petra and Priddy, Mike and Tollar, Vaclav and Van Nispen, Annelies} } @conference {756, title = {Researching the Holocaust in a Digital Age}, booktitle = {Claremont Wynberg Hebrew Congregation, Cape Town}, year = {2016}, month = {28 February 2016}, author = {Bennett, Giles} } @conference {345, title = {Research infrastructures and archival inter-mediation}, booktitle = {Building infrastructures for archives in a digital world}, year = {2013}, month = {26-28 June 2013}, publisher = {APEx}, organization = {APEx}, address = {Dublin}, url = {http://www.apex-project.eu/index.php/events/dublin-conference/abstracts$\#$LinksSpeck}, author = {Speck, Reto and Links, Petra} } @conference {421, title = {(Re)Constructing the Archive of the Terez{\'\i}n/Theresienstadt Ghetto}, booktitle = {Heritage Recovered. The Holocaust in Jewish Archives - An International Comparison}, year = {2013}, month = {20-21 June 2013}, address = {Vienna}, url = {http://www.vwi.ac.at/index.php/veranstaltungen/workshops/icalrepeat.detail/2013/06/20/69/-/heritage-recovered-the-holocaust-in-jewish-archives-an-international-comparison}, author = {Frankl, Michal} } @conference {365, title = {Privacy in an international historical research environment: the example of the European Holocaust Research Infrastructure (EHRI) {\textendash} project}, booktitle = {Public Conference at the Research Centre Information, Law and Society :{\textquotedblleft}Privacy at the crossroads of Sociology, Philosophy, History and Law{\textquotedblright} (CRIDS) }, year = {2012}, month = {24 Jan 2012}, author = {Luyten, Dirk} } @conference {629, title = {Presentation of the EHRI Project}, booktitle = {Annual Database Meeting of the Concentration Camp Memorial Site Archivists}, year = {2013}, month = {24/10/2013}, address = {Dachau}, author = {Bennett, Giles} } @conference {471, title = {Making sure the data fit the researchers. Data identification and investigation in European Holocaust Research Infrastructure (EHRI)}, booktitle = {Cultural Heritage, Creative Tools and Archives}, year = {2013}, month = {26 June 2013}, address = {National Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen}, url = {http://chcta.wordpress.com/}, author = {Vanden Daelen, Veerle} } @conference {469, title = {Kies voor de geesteswetenschapper! Naar een virtuele studiezaal langs de Digital Humanities}, booktitle = {Annual conference of the Koninklijke Vereniging van Archivarissen in Nederland/Royal Society of Dutch Archvists}, year = {2013}, month = {10 June 2013}, address = {Amsterdam}, url = {http://pt.slideshare.net/kvandagen/kies-voor-de-geesteswetenschapper}, author = {Links, Petra and Zandhuis, Ivo} } @conference {470, title = {Keynote address}, booktitle = {KVAN-dagen}, year = {2013}, month = {10 June 2013}, publisher = {Annual conference of the Koninklijke Vereniging van Archivarissen in Nederland/Royal Society of Dutch Archivists}, organization = {Annual conference of the Koninklijke Vereniging van Archivarissen in Nederland/Royal Society of Dutch Archivists}, address = {Amsterdam}, url = {http://www.kvan.nl/files/KVAN2013_programmaboekje_compressie.pdf}, author = {Anderson, Sheila} } @conference {682, title = {Introducing EHRI}, booktitle = {NISE Annual Gathering}, year = {2015}, address = {University of Swansea, Swansea}, author = {Speck, Reto} } @conference {647, title = {International cooperation and collaboration / Sustaining digital archival infrastructures}, booktitle = {APEx: Collaboration and networking for a digital archival future. Sustainable perspectives through the Archives Portal Europe}, year = {2015}, month = {7-9 Sep 2015}, address = {Budapest}, abstract = {

We{\textquoteright}d propose to give a presentation related to the topics {\textquoteleft}International cooperation and collaboration{\textquoteright} and {\textquoteleft}Sustaining digital archival infrastructures{\textquoteright}. In our paper we would reflect on the experiences of developing the EHRI portal from a human perspective: For EHRI connecting archives has been and still is about connecting people. The project ties together professionals in archiving, in information technology and history. Though this cooperation is not always easy and semantic incomprehension is often a risk, we think that it is this multidisciplinary collaboration between professionals working at various institutions and infrastructures that makes the project a success. In our contribution to the APEX conference we intent to illustrate our experiences with pragmatic examples and solutions taken from the first phase of EHRI (2010-2015) and challenges that we are likely to face during the continuation of the project (2015-2019).

}, url = {http://www.apex-project.eu/index.php/en/news-events/budapest-conference}, author = {Links, Petra and Speck, Reto} } @conference {657, title = {Interaction with Collections}, booktitle = {"Towards a New History of the Second World War": Spring Conference of the Royal Netherlands Historical Society}, year = {2015}, month = {06/2015}, address = {The Hague}, url = {http://www.cegesoma.be/docs/media/Activites_Scient/ColloqueLaHaye_ReportRNHSConferenceApril2015.pdf }, author = {Vanden Daelen, Veerle} } @conference {305, title = {Information Extraction on Noisy Texts for Historical Research}, booktitle = {Digital Humanities}, year = {2012}, month = {16-22 July 2012}, publisher = {Alliance of Digital Humanities Organizations}, organization = {Alliance of Digital Humanities Organizations}, address = {Hamburg}, abstract = {The European Holocaust Research Infrastructure (EHRI)1 project aims to create a sustainable Holocaust Research Infrastructure that will bring together documentary evidence from dispersed archives for historical research. EHRI involves 20 partner organisations in 13 countries. It aims to provide open access to Holocaust material such as documents, objects, photos, film and art. One of the challenges of the project is that the dispersed archives of interest to EHRI often do not have the means to sufficiently digitise their resources. Even if the resources are digitally available, they remain inaccessible to searching and browsing by researchers. For EHRI, we investigated how we can use open source OCR infrastructure developed at King{\textquoteright}s College London for the Ocropodium project (Bryant et al. 2010) so that its output can feed the semantic extraction of metadata useful for research discovery and analysis. Current commercial OCR technology does not serve well such specific research interests in historical document collections, as it cannot be easily customised. Most commercial OCR software products are proprietary {\textquoteleft}black boxes{\textquoteright} which provide digitisation staff with little scope for understanding their behaviour and customising parameters under which they run. At the source level, there is a marked reluctance of OCR software manufacturers to allow access to their code even in a collaborative environment. In the context of Ocropodium, we developed a workflow tool Ocropodium Web Processing (OWP), with which various open source OCR tools can be combined to create the best possible OCR solution for specific document types. The OWP workflow environment is based on the principles of visual programming environments (Cox \& Gauvin 2011). It allows the user to build custom workflows comprised of discrete processes. The workflows need not be purely linear; instead they take the form of a graph, specifically a directed acyclic graph (DAG). The DAG is comprised of connected nodes, which each perform a discrete function. Nodes can be thought of as functions which take one or more inputs and evaluate these to produce a result. Thus, OWP allows archive staff to embed further services beyond OCR. For this paper, we experimented with information extraction (IE) services to semantically enrich archival descriptions. We present our experiments to evaluate how common off-the-shelf IE services behave against potentially noisy OCR{\textquoteright}d texts. Semantically enriched library and archive federations have recently become an important part of research in digital libraries (Kruk \& McDaniel 2009). Especially so, as research users often have more demands on semantics than is generally provided by archival metadata. For instance, in archival finding aids place names are often only mentioned in free-form narrative text and not especially indicated in controlled access points for places. Researchers would like to search for these locations. Place name extraction from the descriptions might support this. For the future EHRI infrastructure, we want to use IE services to enrich the researchers{\textquoteright} experience. In our experiments, we concentrated on extracting names and places facets, both immensely important for Holocaust research. Our experiments demonstrate the principal workflow using IE tools. In our proof-of-concepts, we did not address larger problems of IE from historical texts, which are manifold. As for OCRing, off-the-shelf commercial IE software has often problems with delivering acceptable results here. For the problems of extracting semantic information from low quality textual data, please compare (Packer et al. 2010), while (Warner \& Clough, 2009) describe plans for a larger extraction project from the UK National Archives. Instead of concentrating on improving the IE itself, we were mainly interested in mapping and evaluating the current state-of-the-art. For the presentation at DH2012, we will deliver exact evaluations of using off-the-shelf IE tools against various levels of underlying {\textquoteleft}dirty{\textquoteright} OCR text, commonly encountered in OCRed historical resources. Even the off-the-shelf IE tools have already delivered encouraging results. For instance, we OCR{\textquoteright}d PDF files of survivor testimonies sent by the Wiener Library,2 an EHRI partner. The documents were typical fairly low resolution (612{\texttimes}790) grey-scale scans of typed documents. Due to the low resolution we needed to do some advanced preprocessing of the images and scaled the images by a factor of four using an anti-aliasing filter to approximate a typical resolution from 300 DPI scan and finally binarised them (converting a colour or grey-scale image to one containing only black and white). After binarisation, additional filters were applied to deskew the images and remove edge noise. The resulting transcript produced by the open source Tesseract OCR engine (>Smith 2007) was fairly low quality, with around 90\% character accuracy. We ignored further possible improvements by combining Tesseract with more advanced binarisation and pre-processing tools. As said, in this particular experiment, we were interested how standard IE services would react to low-quality textual input. We used the off-the-shelf OpenCalais service by ThompsonReuters to extract semantic information (Goddard \& Byrne 2010). Even this standard setup has proven to produce useful results. OpenCalais proved successful at detecting the presence of a personal name in the transcript, even when the OCR was imperfect. For example, it detected that {\textquoteleft}Dmulaltsr Tappe{\textquoteright} (Dr. Walter Tappe) was a name. It also marked up several instances of places, such as Berlin and Wilmersdorf. Other incorrectly OCR{\textquoteright}d locations such as {\textquoteleft}Slchsischestraeae{\textquoteright} (Schlesisches) were also marked up as places, due to the (correctly OCR{\textquoteright}d) preceding phrase {\textquoteleft}lived in{\textquoteright}. Further semantic data marked up by OpenCalais included positions ({\textquoteleft}lawyer{\textquoteright}, {\textquoteleft}auditor{\textquoteright}, {\textquoteleft}actor{\textquoteright}) and industry terms ({\textquoteleft}food{\textquoteright}). In several OCR transcripts it detected the topic as {\textquoteleft}politics{\textquoteright}. Social tags given included {\textquoteleft}Berlin{\textquoteright}, {\textquoteleft}Geography{\textquoteright} and {\textquoteleft}Geography of Europe{\textquoteright}. We repeated our experiment with other IE tools such as the open source Annie tool from GATE (>Bontcheva et al., 2002) and could further improve our results, especially as we could rely on advanced gazetteers of place and person names of the Holocaust that are based on long-running community projects.3 These initial successful results will mean that we will develop our OCRing of finding aids into a full service in the context of the EHRI project. We think we can thereby significantly enhance the research experience of using historical archives. References Bontcheva, K., H. Cunningham, D. Maynard, V. Tablan, and H. Saggion (2002). Developing reusable and robust language processing components for information systems using GATE. In Database and Expert Systems Applications. Proceedings 13th International Workshop. Berlin: Springer, pp. 223-227. Bryant, M., T. Blanke, M. Hedges, and R. Palmer (2010). Open Source Historical OCR: The OCRopodium Project Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries. In M. Lalmas et al. (eds.), Research and advanced technology for digital libraries. Berlin: Springer. Cox, P. T., and S. Gauvin (2011). Controlled dataflow visual programming languages. Proceedings of the 2011 Visual Information Communication {\textendash} International Symposium. Hong Kong: ACM. Goddard, L., and G. Byrne (2010). Linked Data tools: Semantic Web for the masses. First Monday 15, 1. Kruk, S. R., and B. McDaniel (2009). Semantic Digital Libraries. Berlin: Springer. Packer, T. L., J. F. Lutes, A. P. Stewart, D. W. Embley, E. K. Ringger, K. D. Seppi, and L. S. Jensen (2010). Extracting person names from diverse and noisy OCR text. Proceedings of the fourth workshop on Analytics for noisy unstructured text data. Toronto, ON, Canada: ACM. Smith, R. (2007). An Overview of the Tesseract OCR Engine. Document Analysis and Recognition. Proceedings 9th International Conference. Berlin:Springer, pp. 629-633. Warner, A., and P. Clough (2009). A Proposal for Space Exploration at The National Archives. 2011. Available: http://ir.shef.ac.uk/cloughie/papers/York2009.pdf}, url = {http://www.dh2012.uni-hamburg.de/conference/programme/abstracts/information-extraction-on-noisy-texts-for-historical-research/}, author = {Blanke, Tobias and Bryant, Mike and Speck, Reto and Kristel, Conny} } @conference {1260, title = {Implementing an archival, multilingual and Semantic Web-compliant taxonomy by means of {SKOS} (Simple Knowledge Organization System)}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Language Technology for Digital Historical Archives}, year = {2019}, publisher = {INCOMA Ltd.}, organization = {INCOMA Ltd.}, address = {Varna, Bulgaria}, abstract = {

The paper shows how a multilingual hierarchical thesaurus, or taxonomy, can be created and implemented in compliance with Semantic Web requirements by means of the data model SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System). It takes the EHRI (European Holocaust Research Infrastructure) portal as an example, and shows how open-source software like SKOS Play! can facilitate the task.

}, keywords = {Archival systems, EHRI, SKOS}, doi = {10.26615/978-954-452-059-5_005}, url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-9005}, author = {Gelati, Francesco} } @conference {652, title = {Fr{\"u}he archivalische Dokumentation des Holocausts und die European Holocaust Research Infrastructure}, booktitle = {Texte, Karten, Erschlie{\ss}ungsmethoden Neue Perspektiven auf fr{\"u}he Holocaust - und Lagerliteratur (Abschlusstagung des GeoBib - Projekts {\textendash} Georeferenzierte Online - Bibliographie fr{\"u}her Holocaust - und Lagerliteratur)}, year = {2015}, month = {4-5 May 2015}, address = {Giessen, Germany}, url = {http://www.geobib.info/uploads/Veranstaltungen/Programm_GeoBib-Abschlusstagung.pdf}, author = {Frankl, Michal} } @conference {366, title = {European Holocaust Research Infrastructure}, booktitle = {Tagung Europ{\"a}ische Forschungsinfrastrukturen in den Geisteswissenschaften}, year = {2012}, month = {21-22 Feb 2012}, publisher = {CLARIN-AT and DARIAH-AT}, organization = {CLARIN-AT and DARIAH-AT}, address = {{\"O}sterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien}, author = {Schellenbacher, Wolfgang and Rasky, Bela} } @conference {489, title = {European Holocaust Research Infrastructure}, booktitle = {KVAN-days on Big Archives (Royal Society of Archivists in the Netherlands)}, year = {2014}, month = {17 June 2014}, address = {Assen, The Netherlands}, url = {http://www.kvan.nl/secties/studiedagen/programma-2014.php}, author = {Links, Petra and Veken, Tim} } @conference {480, title = {European Holocaust Research Infrastructure}, booktitle = {Science Day, Faculty of Arts, Charles University}, year = {2014}, month = {26 Mar 2014}, address = {Prague}, url = {http://www.ff.cuni.cz/fakulta/o-fakulte/pravidelne-akce/den-vedy/ }, author = {Frankl, Michal} } @conference {422, title = {European Holocaust Research Infrastructure}, booktitle = {J{\"u}dische Geschichte digital - Workshop}, year = {2013}, month = {13-14 June 2013}, address = {Hamburg}, author = {Bennett, Giles} } @conference {830, title = {EHRI: Results and Future Activities}, booktitle = {L-HARP Workshop}, year = {2015}, month = {11/2015}, address = {University of Maryland}, author = {Speck, Reto and Bryant, Mike} } @conference {683, title = {EHRI and the International Tracing Service}, booktitle = {Improving Access to the ITS Digital Collections}, year = {2015}, address = {Wiener Library, London}, author = {Speck, Reto} } @conference {720, title = {EHRI and Open History: Sustainable digitial publishing of catalogues of twenthieth-century history archives}, booktitle = {Kick-off Meeting DARIAH-BE}, year = {2016}, month = {11/2016}, address = {Antwerp, Belgium}, author = {Vanden Daelen, Veerle} } @conference {837, title = {EHRI: An Introduction}, booktitle = {German Jewish Archive Workshop}, year = {2016}, month = {11/2016}, address = {The Keep, Brighton}, author = {Speck, Reto} } @conference {1118, title = {Digital Methods in Holocaust Studies: The European Holocaust Research Infrastructure}, booktitle = {2018 IEEE 14th International Conference on e-Science (e-Science)}, year = {2018}, month = {12/2018}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands}, keywords = {Digital Humanities, Digital Methods, Holocaust}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8588640}, author = {Daan de Leeuw and Bryant, Mike and Frankl, Michal and Nikolova, Ivelina and Alexiev, Vladimir} } @conference {307, title = {Creating general-purpose virtual environments for (digital) archival research }, booktitle = {Digital Humanities }, year = {2011}, month = {19-22 June 2011}, publisher = {Alliance of Digital Humanities Organizations}, organization = {Alliance of Digital Humanities Organizations}, address = {Stanford California }, abstract = {This paper will present a critical analysis of our attempts to build Virtual Research Environments (VREs) for everyday Humanities research tasks using digital archives. Numerous specialised VREs have been developed for addressing particular tasks in various humanities disciplines. The Silchester VREs addressed data integration in archaeological excavations, the SDM VRE developed services for sharing and annotating manuscripts, while TEXTvre is concerned with TEI-based resource creation. Building on these experiences, gMan addressed the issue of moving beyond support for specific, focused tasks, and instead building services to enable more general-purpose humanities research activities, such as integrating and organising the heterogeneous and often unstructured digital resources, and support for {\textquoteleft}active reading{\textquoteright} processes Brockman et al. 2001 scholarly work in the humanities and the evolving information environment.}, url = {http://dh2011abstracts.stanford.edu/xtf/view?docId=tei/ab-198.xml;query=hedges\%20blanke;brand=default}, author = {Blanke, Tobias and Connor, Richard and Hedges, Mark and Kristel, Conny and Priddy, Mike and Simenoni, Fabio} } @conference {472, title = {Connecting Collections, Institutions \& Researchers}, booktitle = {ITF pre-conference {\textquotedblleft}New Directions in Holocaust Research with a special emphasis on Educational applicability{\textquotedblright}}, year = {2012}, month = {9 December 2012}, address = {Brussels Palais d{\textquoteright}Egmont}, author = {Vanden Daelen, Veerle} } @conference {473, title = {Connecting Collections, Collection-holding Institutions and Researchers}, booktitle = {5th Contact Day Jewish Studies on the Low Countries}, year = {2012}, month = {22 May 2012}, address = {University of Antwerp}, url = {https://www.uantwerpen.be/images/uantwerpen/container2445/files/abstracts\%205th\%20contact\%20day.pdf}, author = {Vanden Daelen, Veerle} } @conference {364, title = {Classical Philology, Text-based and Holocaust Studies Facing Digital Research Infrastructures: From Practice to Requirements}, booktitle = {SDH 2011: Supporting Digital Humanities}, year = {2011}, month = {17-18 Nov 2011}, address = {Universtiy of Copenhagen}, author = {Dallas, Costis} } @conference {363, title = {Challenges, outcomes and remarks on information practices and user needs in the humanities. The cases of the EU projects DARIAH and EHRI}, booktitle = {Technothings meeting}, year = {2011}, month = {14 May 2013}, address = {BIOS Athens}, author = {Benardou, Agiatis} } @conference {646, title = {Case EHRI}, booktitle = {Study Afternoon Metadata Exchange of the Flemish library and archives association VVBAD}, year = {2015}, month = {30 April 2015}, address = {Congres- en Erfgoedcentrum Lamot, Mechelen}, url = {http://www.vvbad.be/english}, author = {Vanden Daelen, Veerle and Veken, Tim} } @conference {449, title = {Back to our Data - Experiments with NoSQL Technologies in the Humanities}, booktitle = {IEEE Big Data 2013}, year = {2013}, month = {6-9 Oct. 2013}, address = {Silicon Valley, USA}, author = {Bryant, Mike and Blanke, Tobias and Hedges, Mark} } @conference {831, title = {Archivists as Gatekeeper in the Digital Age}, booktitle = {NIOD Lunchlezing}, year = {2016}, month = {03/2016}, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Speck, Reto} } @inbook {360, title = {The Past and the Future of Holocaust Research: From Disparate Sources to an Integrated European Holocaust Research Infrastructure}, booktitle = {Evolution der Informationsinfrastruktur: Forschung und Entwicklung als Kooperation von Bibliothek und Fachwissenschaft}, year = {2013}, pages = {157-77}, publisher = {Verlag Werner H{\"u}lsbusch}, organization = {Verlag Werner H{\"u}lsbusch}, address = {Gl{\"u}ckstadt}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3249/webdoc-39006}, url = {https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1405/1405.2407.pdf}, author = {Blanke, Tobias and Vanden Daelen, Veerle and Frankl, Michal and Kristel, Conny and Rodriguez, Kepa J. and Speck, Reto}, editor = {Rapp, Andrea and Lossau, Norbert and Neuroth, Heike} } @inbook {1121, title = {The elaboration of a privacy policy for the research portal of European Holocaust Research Infrastructure}, booktitle = {The Right to be forgotten vs the Right to Remember. Data Protection and Archiving in the Public Interest}, year = {2018}, pages = {97-110}, publisher = {VUBPRESS}, organization = {VUBPRESS}, address = {Brussels}, keywords = {Data, Holocaust, privacy}, isbn = {9789057187902}, author = {Luyten, Dirk} } @book {721, title = {Guide to the Sources on the Holocaust in Occupied Poland. Translated and expanded edition of the original Polish {\'Z}r{\'o}d{\l}a do bada{\'n} nad zag{\l}ad{\k a} {\.Z}yd{\'o}w na okupowanych ziemiach polskich by Alina Skibi{\'n}ska}, year = {2014}, publisher = {European Holocaust Reseaearch Infrastructure}, organization = {European Holocaust Reseaearch Infrastructure}, url = {http://training.ehri-project.eu/sites/default/files/portal_assets/skibinska_guide.pdf}, author = {Skibi{\'n}ska, Alina} }